People who use both tobacco and alcohol are at greater risk of developing these cancers than people who use either tobacco or alcohol alone ( 8, 9). Minor salivary glands are located throughout the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat.Īlcohol and tobacco use (including secondhand smoke and smokeless tobacco, sometimes called “chewing tobacco” or “snuff”) are the two most important risk factors for head and neck cancers, especially cancers of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, and voice box ( 3– 7). Salivary glands: The major salivary glands are in the floor of the mouth and near the jawbone. The nasal cavity is the hollow space inside the nose. Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity: The paranasal sinuses are small hollow spaces in the bones of the head surrounding the nose. It also has a small piece of tissue, called the epiglottis, which moves to cover the voice box to prevent food from entering the air passages. Voice box (larynx): The voice box is a short passageway formed by cartilage just below the pharynx in the neck. It has three parts: the nasopharynx (the upper part of the pharynx, behind the nose) the oropharynx (the middle part of the pharynx, including the soft palate, the base of the tongue, and the tonsils) the hypopharynx (the lower part of the pharynx). Throat (pharynx): The pharynx is a hollow tube about 5 inches long that starts behind the nose and leads to the esophagus.
Oral cavity: Includes the lips, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the gums, the lining inside the cheeks and lips, the floor (bottom) of the mouth under the tongue, the hard palate (bony top of the mouth), and the small area of the gum behind the wisdom teeth. Cancers of the head and neck can form in the:
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